Dryopteris filix-mas (male fern) is a member of the Dryopteridaceae family. This fern exhibits a tufted growth habit and is characterized by its deciduous foliage. It has a hardiness rating of very hardy (colder than -20ºc) and is hardy in the severest European continental climates including exposed upland locations in the UK.
When fully mature, Dryopteris filix-mas can reach an ultimate height of 1–1.5 metres and a spread of 0.5–1 metres. For optimal growth, it prefers a north–facing, west–facing, east–facing, or south–facing aspect and an exposed or sheltered position. It thrives best in chalk, clay, loam, or sand soil types and should be placed in full shade or partial shade.
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Flower
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Foliage
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Fruit
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Stem
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