Polystichum aculeatum (hard shield fern) is a member of the Dryopteridaceae family. This fern exhibits a bushy growth habit and is characterized by its evergreen foliage. It has a hardiness rating of very hardy (colder than -20ºc) – hardy in the severest European continental climates including exposed upland locations in the UK.
When fully mature, Polystichum aculeatum can reach an ultimate height of 0.5–1 metres and a spread of 0.5–1 metres. For optimal growth, it prefers north–facing or east–facing aspect and sheltered exposure. It thrives best in chalk or loam or sand soil types and should be placed in a full shade or partial shade position.
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Foliage
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Fruit
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Stem
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